The work was compared with the literature study. Place endnote indicators after any punctuation marks as in the examples below: If you want to add any citations within the note, include the page numbers in parentheses at the end of the sentence or at a natural breaking point. The title of the endnote page at the end of your paper can be “Notes” or “Endnotes.” You can use your word processor’s notes feature so that the numbering is generated automatically.ĭo not use the ibid abbreviation in endnotes. Use superscript Arabic numerals to number the endnote citations in the text. To use endnotes in your paper, you need to follow the guidelines provided below: in English Education and has taught college-level writing for 15 years. Updated July 18, 2021.īy Catherine Sigler. 9th ed., Modern Language Association of America, 2021. “‘Sacred Ties of Brotherhood’: The Social Mediation of Imperial Ideology in The Last of the Mohicans and Canadian Crusoes.” Nineteenth-Century Literature, vol. If you use a source in a footnote, you also need to include it in the Works Cited list at the end of your paper. font, then your footnote should be in 10 pt. For example, if your paper is written in 12 pt. For the note itself, use the same font as the rest of your paper but in a smaller size. The footnote citation at the bottom of the page should have the number, and it should also be in superscript. Do not start over again at number 1 on each page. Footnotes should be numbered sequentially throughout the paper. If you use a footnote in a sentence that has a dash, make sure the footnote number is placed before the dash. You can also use a footnote in the middle of the sentence by placing the number directly after a punctuation mark. Footnote formatįootnotes are formatted with superscript numbers that usually appear at the end of the sentence after the punctuation. You should ask your professors what style of notes are required in their classes. Endnotes are listed before the Works Cited page. Endnotes appear all together at the end of the paper in a list labeled Note(s) or Endnote(s). Footnotes appear at the bottom of the same page where they are referenced. The difference between a footnote and an endnote is its placement in the paper. 9ĩ According to my analysis of Kevin Carpenter’s bibliography of 378 nineteenth-century English Robinsonades in his Desert Isles and Pirate Islands, 18.2% take place in North America. The attendant restrictions of history bring the utopian possibilities generated by the group under scrutiny, particularly in regard to the historical and distinctly nonutopian interactions between settlers and Native Americans (Magyarody 320). MLA style recommends that you use bibliographic notes sparingly. Keep in mind, however, that references to a few authors’ names can also be put into a parenthetical citation in the text. You can also use bibliographical notes to make comments on your sources and to identify areas of further research. In the note you can cite a long string of sources. Use these types of notes when your references are too long and citing all of them would interrupt your text. Bibliographical notesīibliographical notes add additional sources relevant to your thesis. There are two types of footnotes: bibliographical and content. While MLA format does allow for footnotes, writers are encouraged to use footnotes sparingly. Footnotes can also be used if you want to show another line of argument on the topic, or you want to show the differences between your work and others. You may choose to add a footnote when you want to clarify a point or justify a point of view. Writers choose to add a footnote when the information would be distracting if it appeared in the main text.

If you are curious about footnotes in APA style, see APA footnotes.) What is a footnote?Ī footnote is additional information that is added at the bottom of the page and indicated with a superscript number. In those cases, you can use footnotes in MLA Style. This additional information also may not work as a parenthetical citation. Sometimes when writing a paper, you have additional information that you want to include, but it won’t work well in the main text of your paper.

How to insert a citation footnotes